Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. It is red in color and the second smallest planet in solar system. Its size is same as that of the earth. It is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere. It has two moons which names are phobos and deimos.  Mangalyaan is the first satellite who went on mars. The Olympus Mons is the second highest mountain and a vales mariner is the largest canyons in the solar system. This planet is often referred as a red planet because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of mars are similar to the earth. Before space exploration mars was considered the best candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life and the astronomers thought they saw straight lines crisscrossing its surface.

History

Mars is believed to be discovered by Galileo Galilee in 1610. Mars was a major roman deity second only Jupiter in the roman pantheon. He began as a protector of agriculture but later became the god of war honored throughout the realm of the conquering Romans. In the ancient Sumerians believed that the mars were nergal and the god of war and plague but his main cult centre was the city of Nineveh. The existence of mars as a wandering object in the sky was recorded by the ancient Egyptian astronomers in 1534 BC. In ancient roman religion and myths was the god of war and also an agriculture guardian but he was the son of Jupiter and he was the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the roman army. In the East Asian cultures Mars is traditionally referred to as the fire star.

Composition

Mars is a terrestrial planet in the solar system because it surface is compacting rocky like earth terra firma. It is made up of silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium has probably the consistency of soft rocky paste but it is probably 770 to 1,170 miles thick. The composition of mars has been calculated by the Cosmo chemical model of ganapathy and Anders which assumes the planets and chon rites under the same four fractional processes in the solar nebula because the elements are similarly volatility stay together in the processes only four index elements are needed to calculate the abundance of all elements in the plane. Its mass is about 3,389.5 km and its equatorial radius is 3,397.2 km. The atmosphere of mars is about 100 times thinner than earth and it is 95 percent carbon dioxide. In mars the nitrogen is 2.7 percent, the argon is 1.6 percent and the oxygen is0.13 percent. Its rotational period is 1.025957 days and its orbital period is 686.98 days. Mars have once harbored life but some conjecture life might still exist today. The magnitude of mars is -2.01. The core of mars is made up of metallic iron and nickel surrounded by a less dense silicate mantle and crust. It has a molten iron core and an outer molten core. The minimum surface temperature of mars is -140^.c and the maximum surface temperature is 20^oC.

Relation with solar system

The distance between mars to sun is 208.09 million km and the radius of the sun is 696,340 km. But the distance between earths to mars is 83.902 million km. Although the mar is closest to earth during their orbit earth and mars get as close as about 55 million km. Mars is similar to the earth because in many aspects mars is the most earth like of all the other planets in the solar system but it is thought that mars had a more earth like environment early in its history with a thicker atmosphere and abundant water that was lost over the course of hundreds of millions of years. Mars is only about one half the diameter of earth but both planets have roughly the same amount of dry land surface water because over two thirds of the earth surface is covered by oceans where as the present surface of mars has no liquid water.  

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)

It was a project launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on 5 November 2013. It is orbiting around mars since 24 September 2014. It was India’s first inter-planetary mission which made India the fourth planet to reach Mars’ orbit. IT was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Shriharikota.

Some amazing facts

1.    The planet mars is known as Red planet due to the presence of iron oxides.

2.    The tallest mountain of the solar system, Nix Olympia and the largest volcano of the solar system, Olympus Mons, is on the planet Mars.

3.    The size of the Sun seen from Mars is about half the size of Sun seen from the Earth.

4.    The dust storms on planet Mars are the largest as compared to all other planets which cover almost the whole planet.

5.    It also has seasons like the Earth on it along with polar ice caps, volcanoes and canyons.

 

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